Chinese Railroad Workers essays

Chinese Railroad Workers essays Running head: Chinese Railroad Workers Most Americans take our railroad systems for granted. With the exception of die-hard railroad enthusiasts often referred to as foamers, most of us only notice the railroad systems when were inconvenienced by them. Were annoyed when we have to wait at a crossing or have to turn up our televisions because of the noise of a passing train. What most of us dont realize is the major economic impact railroads have on our lives. We depend on the freight that railroads move for us each day that include everything from automobiles to provisions. An even more important oversight by many of us is the hard work and sacrifice that occurred during the construction of our railroads. Unfortunately for the thousands of Chinese workers that came to America to work on the railroads, they were the ones that would be shouldering most of the hard work and sacrifice. The railroad systems in America didnt come easy. There were many factors that stood in the way of a smooth construction. Social and political factors were always an issue for the early railroads. For example, in California in 1865, the Central Pacific Railroad had a major labor shortage. In 1864, the company had only 600 laborers at work, a small fraction of the 5,000 for which it had advertised (Mintz 2003). Of those railroad workers that were employed at the time, not many of those could be depended upon to get the work done. Resignation, desertion and alcohol abuse plagued the railroads employee pool making it very difficult to precisely forecast time, money and materials needed. An example of this was given in a statement by one superintendent when he said, Some would stay until payday, get a little money, and get drunk and clear out (Mintz 2003). The statement of shortage meant only that there was a shortage of white laborers, mostly Irish specifically. This didn&ap.. .

Should You Start Your Job Hunt in the Summer

Should You Start Your Job Hunt in the Summer Although the long days of summer often mean the hiring process can be slower than usual, that doesn’t mean you should put your job search on hold until the leaves start to change color. Summer is as good a time as any to sharpen your resume and put yourself out on the job market. Even if you are a seasoned employee and not interested in an entry-level position, you can ride the wave of positions opening up for newly graduated seniors. Companies account for an influx of grads when they plan out their year, so take advantage of new job openings, especially if you are making a lateral move or a career change.The season is also often a time of turnover. People have already received their bonuses, and with the end of a school year often comes changes for many families.  Since most office-based jobs are slower-paced due to vacations and long weekends, current employees have more time to job hunt, which ideally will leave open positions for new hires.Don’t use the excuse of lazy summer days to take a break in your job quest! Summer is a fine to to begin your hunt as long as you realize response times from recruiters will be a bit slower than usual. Use the extra time to perfect your resume, hunt for open positions, and make job searching your priority.

Article reviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article reviews - Essay Example It revealed that children and teenage Hispanics were 28.9% obese ab 20.5% in the case of black people. Children who were considered severely obese as profiled above the 95th BMI percentile were prone by as much as 2.8 times of having hypertension compared to those who has moderate obesity. The study also revealed that approximately 5.6% of community population is severely obese that runs the risk of having hypertension. This is relevant because it shows how prevalent obesity is in our population. Imagine a staggering 5.6% of pediatric community population who has severe obesity. The media may only portray the aesthetic consequence of being obese as being labeled â€Å"fat† but medically, it has a morbid consequence of contracting hypertension which the media should also portray. 4. What is the method? How was the research collected? The data gathering was made through interviews of children and adolescents coming from different ethnic backgrounds. Qualitative research was conducted and data was extracted through focus group discussion. The study revealed that a child and adolescents social circle has different attitudes, motivations and behavior about their eating habit and this has significant influence among the other members of the peer group. This is unfortunate because most peer group adopt an unhealthy eating habit that is pass on to other members of the group. Every teenager can relate to this study. It basically says that social pressure induces a teenager to eat unhealthy food. Media is partly guilty of this issue too because they portray eating unhealthy foods such as burgers and pizzas to be the â€Å"in† food for teenagers and most of us buy it. Cnabers, Stephannie; Lobb,Alexandra; Butler, LaurieT; Traill, W. Bruce (2008).The influence of age and gender on food choice: a focus group exploration. International Journal of Consumer Studies, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p356-365, 10p Lo, J. C., Chandra, M., Sinaiko, A., Daniels, S. R.,

IP 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IP 5 - Essay Example 2. The second position is in Maryland, earning $65,000 per year. You found a starter duplex that you can purchase with an assessed value of $135,000. Property taxes average 2.4% of the assessed value. The state sales tax rate is 1% higher than in Pennsylvania, and it also applies to food and clothing. Marylands state income tax rate is 1.5% higher than Pennsylvanias. With the data above, complete the following table, with all values rounded to the nearest cent. Note that the Difference column is the difference between Pennsylvania’s and Maryland’s values. (Hint: Property tax only applies to housing; state sales tax only applies to purchases and food and clothing, when applicable; and income tax only applies to the salary.) The difference in cost of living between the two locations (Maryland and Pennsylvania) based on the differences in sales tax, income tax, and property tax is $3,033.75. In other words, I have to pay an additional $3,033.75 in taxes in Maryland as compared to Pennsylvania. This does not much influence which job to choose, as the difference in taxes (sales tax, income tax, and property tax) of $3,033.75 is much less as compared to the difference in salary $15,000 between the two

Best War Ever Essay Example for Free

Best War Ever Essay The Causes of World War II History 1302 In the book The Best War Ever: America and World War II by Michael C.C. Adams, Adams discusses the misconceptions about world war two that America had and still has today. Through the title, one can assume that Americans came out of the five year war with a positive view. This was due to the way theatre and television portrayed it to the public, and like naà ¯ve children America ate it up. Television and other media didn’t want America to see the true horror that actually took place overseas, but what they didn’t know was how mislead America was going to become. This essay will discuss the argument Adams creates in chapter 6 about how sugar coating the war for America, was in a sense best for them, but for small businesses, immigrants and teens it was a different story. Before World War II became the center of attention in America, people lived their everyday lives. Most were small business owners that were just trying to make a living. As the war went on overseas, Pearl Harbor was attacked, which led to the U.S. joining the war. Do to this sudden need to protect our country, America became â€Å"obsessed† and young men volunteered to fight for the country they loved. Everyone including women and children had this attitude of supporting the troops and doing everything they could to help out, by women working jobs in factories that were originally created for men. As these factories like Ford, Coca-Cola, and Wrigley’s grew, â€Å"World War II undermined the world of the small producer in business and agriculture, completing the triumph of large corporations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Best War Ever: America and World War II, 1994)1. Small businesses closing down wasn’t the only cause of America joining the war but also, families losing their homes, farms, towns, and well basically their lives. These people had to move to bigger cities where factories that were being recognized, due to the war, were the o nly jobs available. While factories grew, violence towards immigrants grew as well. Due to Pearl Harbor being attacked by the Japanese, Japanese-Americans were seen as a threat and removed from their homes and put into detention centers. â€Å"More  than two-thirds of the Japanese who were interned in the spring of 1942 were citizens of the United States.† (Japanese Relocation Centers: During World War II, nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans were under lock and key, 2007)2. President Roosevelt felt that they were a threat to America and that anyone of them could be a spy. African-Americans were facing hard times as well, though racism was still going strong, many African-Americans were being attacked and miss treated because of mixed work environments as Adams states in his book (1994) â€Å"A white man in a wildcat strike at a Packard plant said ‘I’d rather see Hitler and Hirohito win the war than work beside a nigger on the assembly line.’†3 Wives of African-American men in the army were also treated as lower class while the American women would get preferred treatment. Another race that was targeted were American-born Hispanics. Teen Hispanics began to form gangs and â€Å"challeng[e] the traditional restraints of their behavior†. They did this by wearing zoot Suits. Because of this new fashion trend amongst Hispanics, military men began to harass and ended up creating a riot known as the â€Å"Zoot Suit Riot† . In this riot military and Hispanic men attacked each other but only the Hispanic teens got arrested for the violence. As immigrants were mistreated, young American teens were feeling a sense of freedom, this was due to the lack of parental control. â€Å"More girls got pregnant. And the venereal disease rate rose : between 194 and 1944, New York City’s VD rate among girls aged fifteen to eighteen years old increased 204 percent.† (The Best War Ever: America and World War II, 1994)4. Teens were getting into trouble cutting school and joining gangs. It was hard for schools to maintain a strong education among the youth and so a decline in intellectual quality began in young Americans. Media also had a small part to play in this lack of education. Mass entertainment was trying to win over the youth through T.V. and movies and because of this the armed services saw that students in this generation weren’t as prepared as generations before them, they lacked skills learned in high school. But one reason that as a main factor were the number of jobs that were available. Teens were able to get a job as young as thirteen years old, even though the job wasn’t helping out the war, money made the youth feel free like they could do anything they wanted, which they did. In conclusion, World War II in a sense was the best war ever but for small businesses, immigrants and teens, it was a war that ended up changing tradition into trends and  violence. Americans w ere blinded and lied to and through this it brought grave consequences . â€Å"†¦ it is the danger of arrogance and hubris – that is, the danger of going to war because a nations leaders are convinced of their own righteousness, or have persuaded themselves and the public that a foreign country should be attacked because its government or society is not merely alien, hostile or threatening, but evil.(The Good War Myth of World War Two, 2008)5. Bibliography Michael C. C. Adams, The Best War Ever: America and world War II (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1994) Japanese Relocation Centers: During World War II, nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans were under lock and key, 2007 http://www.infoplease.com/spot/internment1.html The Good War Myth of World War Two, May 24, 2008 http://www.ihr.org/news/weber_ww2_may08.html

Cyber Bullying Essay -- Technology, Real Perpetrators, Cyberbullying

Going to a new school in Massachusetts, all the way from Ireland, Phoebe Prince is ready to start a new life and make new friends. Not everything always workes out in her favor, though. As soon as Prince starts dating the star football player, the threats start flowing in. The constant torments at school leave her lonely and depressed, and when she got home, it never stopped. She was getting never ending text messages and the torments didn’t stop there. Phoebe was constantly getting harassed through social networking sites, such as Facebook. High school is supposed to be the time of her life, but she is only able to live one year of it because she takes her own life relentlessly. Cyber bullying is a problem that affects almost half of American teens (NCPC 1). Adult authorities should enact strict rules to protect vulnerable children from suffering the effects of the modern threat of cyber bullying. Although technology makes it difficult to identify the real perpetrator, the expansion of technology throughout the years has recently made cyber bullying a more prominent factor. From Myspace to Facebook to Formspring to Twitter, cyber bullying makes its way over the entire internet, and will not stop for anything. The rise of networking sites, personal Web pages and blogs brimming with the minutiae of teens antics and angst has helped to create a rich climate for cyber mayhem: Locker-room photos snapped with cell phones and broadcast on the Internet, fake profiles created on social-networking sites, salacious rumors spread in chat rooms, threats zapped across town in instant messages (Billitteri 4). They warn that young people on these sites are more likely to be the victims of cyber bullying and that they are also vulnerable to pr... ...y, has a very strict Internet usage policy with certain sites, like Myspace, blocked so students cannot access them (Cyber Bullying 3). Cyber bullying causes destruction to not only the victim’s life, but the loved ones of the victim as well. With the modern day technology that increases every day, cyber bullying will keep growing without the strict anti-bullying laws that need to be enforced not only in select states, but in all. Schools need to be more open-eyed to what children are doing during school hours and being strict that their acts don’t follow them home. Parents need to teach their children better habits and respectful manners so that when they are confronted with others, it is less likely they will be a bully to them. With all these minor improvements that can be made, cyber bullying can be diminished very easily if everyone helps out every day.

Cost of Living in America

Samad Saadiq Cost of Living in America America is the best place to live. But â€Å"money is the key to survival† (Crute) which all Americans live by. With the economy growing fast so is the cost of living. The cost of living is the amount of money it cost to survive with the basic necessities. Even though majority Americans survived off of the cost of living, they believed that things would get better, and they would be able spend money on things other than necessities. The changes in the type of jobs, necessities, and how people spent money 50 years ago to now increase the cost of living.This is why the cost of living provides more jobs, better pay, and better places to live. With work being the only source of income people viewed it as an â€Å"obligation† (Crute). â€Å"Work was something that everyone did, and wasn't considered a job† (Crute). People worked because they had to; it was the only way to survive. Families could not survive if their parents did n ot work, because there was no money. Although most of the money that came into the households came from the parents; children also worked and brought in money.The only jobs that existed were jobs that provide goods and services needed for survival. â€Å"My mother was an in house nurse and worked barely for minimum wage† (Crute). The average American would pay â€Å"$49,000 for a house, 35 cents for cigarettes, and one cent for candy† (Crute). A place to stay and food to eat are the necessities. Rarely was money spent on things such as movies, candy, or eating out. Living was just living and we survived just fine off of the basic needs in 1960. The 21st century is a lot different compared to how people viewed the world 50 years ago.Most people go to work because they enjoy what they do or they enjoy the benefits from the job. There are jobs for just about anything you want to do in the world, encouraging more Americans to work. Majority of Americans work, but the gover nment is more  involved  in helping  struggling  families who don't work to survive. There are child labor laws that prohibit children from working until they turn at least 14 years old. The economy is in such a terrible state that nothing is cheap, increasing the cost of living. The average loaf of bread cost about $3. 9 which is more than a gallon of gas. Even though nothing is cheap we do spend money on more than necessities. People pay thousands of dollars to put rims on their cars instead of hubcaps.This is like throwing away money. Hard earned money should be spent but not wasted. Crute remembers paying 25 cents for a gallon of gas, that we now pay $2. 79 for. In order to keep up with the increasing prices of these products and people living their lavish life styles, they have to pay workers more money to survive. With the cost of living now at â€Å"$8. 5 per hour† (WHD) people feel encouraged to spend it on the finer things in life. Such as the $49,000 dollar home this now costs $350, 000, or a $30,000 car. Even though the cost of living is expense it created better opportunities for American citizens. Money is everything and Americans have been given more over the years because it costs more to live it in a beautiful place. Citizens still need the necessities but now there are more than just food and shelter that are considered necessities. If it wasn’t for cost of living costing so much we wouldn’t be able to enjoy our money like we do now.It would feel like the people who worked 50 years ago like an obligation but it doesn’t. Everything has increased from the number of jobs to the amount of money we bring home in just one month. The cost of living is now more than survival it’s about living life.Word Count: 672 words Works Cited Crute, Samad. â€Å"Cost of Living. † Telephone interview. 1 Nov. 2010. â€Å"U. S. Department of Labor – Wage and Hour Division (WHD) – Minimum Wage Laws in t he States. † The U. S. Department of Labor Home Page. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2010. <http://www. dol. gov/whd/minwage/america. htm>.

A Crucible analysis in terms of language and structure Essay

In times of moral and social chaos between any civilised or uncivilised society, when the threat of any opposing force or alliance turns citizens and parliament alike into accusative fools; when ‘the voice’ itself is riddled with paranoia and irrational thinking, (most likely by the simple arrival of something unknown or new,) other elements of society come forth to offer through their art, an alternative point of view whether it be subtle or public;  Arthur Miller a leading American playwright of several decades with such acclaimed works as Death of a Salesman and The Man Who Had All the Luck to his name. Although Miller’s dramas took a familial setting, he earned a reputation for dealing with the contemporary political and moral issues of the time. One dramatic device used in a piece studied by myself and piers was an allegory: the use of characters or events to represent ideas or principals in a play, story or picture. At the height of the McCarthy era, when indeed social order and security were replaced by paranoia and an element of superstition, Miller’s allegoric play The Crucible conveyed the insanities and fears of the future by showing on stage a similar occurrence in the past. By playing to the audiences of 1950’s America, Miller brought to light the resolution of 1700’s Salem, how they coincide, and how if the â€Å"witch hunt† in the present day continued one of the biggest public  blunders of the past which would repeat itself. I use the term â€Å"witch hunt† because of the nature of accusations and their ability to root out the weeds of society fifty years ago- the communists.Senator Joe McCarthy takes his place in history as the main figure leading the anti-communist movement. As the threat of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) loomed over the west, and the iron curtain acted not only as a barrier of communications between the two parts, but as point of alienation; east meets west, communists meet democrats, any crossover between the two met its climax at panic, hence the trials in the United States to which Miller was no stranger to. The playwright was brought to trial to assist the court in finding those who were witnessed to meeting and socialising with him; they were deemed communist. In various quotes and accounts given from Miller himself, we can see how his personal involvement in the communist raids appear in the play in the thoughts and feelings of the characters and the overall message that can interpreted from The Crucible: I believe this to be the ethos of boundaries and limits of human beings- how far we can push ourselves before we find the things we would die to hold onto. Are we Abigail with limitless lack of morals persevered by the incomprehensible consideration for self, with her only boundary being her obsession with passion, embodied in a Mr John Proctor? Or are we those minor characters, who Miller had seen in court? â€Å"I saw accepted the notion that conscience was no longer a private matter but now one of state administration. I saw men handing conscience to other men and thanking them for the opportunity of doing so.† ‘Minor’ that is in the sense of having one thing in common; a common boundary which was non-existent it seems when it came to handing over names of â€Å"guilty† friends. If we are not, we are then John Proctors: those who would die for sanctity and purity of one’s name. Miller’s personal input into The Crucible is one that manifests itself in the character of John Proctor: this character is based on the playwright’s boundaries and pride. The strength of Proctor comes from Miller’s beliefs which are mirrored in a quote taken from court- â€Å"I am not protecting the Communists or the Communist Party. I am trying to protect my sense of self. I have taken responsibility for everything I have ever done, but I cannot take responsibility for another human being.† However, I believe that what Such was Miller’s astonishment that history was to be repeated when the world had learnt and moved on from the ‘evil displayed by the judges of these trials and the prosecutors of the Salem witch trials,’ that he took it upon himself to dig up and publicise the past as the events had so much to teach- â€Å"It was as though the whole country had been born anew, without a memory even of certain elemental decencies which a year or two earlier no-one would have imagined could have been altered, let alone forgotten. Astounded, I watched men pass me by without a nod whom I had known rather well for years; I knew that the terror in these people was being knowingly planned and consciously engineered , and all they knew was terror.† This quote also tells us of Miller’s suspicion of the US government: that a fear with no real public threat (communism) had such a massive affect on the general population. I believe he thought that the will of the democratic government increased the hype of communism to keep America what is was and still is, a democracy- no matter how many chapters of history may come back to haunt them.

The history of the Asian community in Britain The WritePass Journal

The history of the Asian community in Britain Introduction The history of the Asian community in Britain IntroductionThe history of the Asian community in Britain The migration and settlements of Asians to the BritainStatistics of the population of South Asians in Britain Influence on Britain by the presence of Asian communityThe rationale of the presence of the Asian community in Britain Conclusion Reference ListRelated Introduction The history of Britain is marked by a continued presence and increasing trends of Asian occupation. The history of the Asian community in Britain portrays a long-term presence and increasing migrations, an area that has caused great concern among the researchers, academicians, as well as scholars. History explains the trends in the evolution of an entity since its inception and up to the point of its review. The history of the Asian community in Britain dates back in the 18th century, in the period 1850s up to date. Britain has thus become one of the world’s multicultural centers, with rampant tribes from the four corners of the world. Migration and settlement of the Asians in Britain is attributed to the existence of emigration and migration policies, conflicts in the Asian lands, employment opportunities desire among the people and so on. Asians are also known to be very outgoing people in regard to invention, and their presence in the land has excellent rationales, though s ome are attributed to negativity.    The Asian community also consists of people from distinct origins, the earliest coming from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri-Lanka. The presence of the Asians in British land is known to have influenced the culture, agricultural, industrial as well as the urban sectors of the economy. The political as well as the social have not been exceptions from the influence by the long presence of these aliens. The continued migration and settlements of Asians in the recent years has drastically raised Britain populations to high scores. Researchers and scholars in the recent decades have continued to develop enthusiasm and interest in this area, though no study has directly related the history (Addison and Jones, 2007. Therefore, the discussion in this paper investigates into the history of the Asian community in Britain. The migration and settlement of the Asians in the land is also found ample to present in order to enhance the understanding of the history. An establishment of the Asian statistics in Britain is also found to provide a rationale in this discussion. Furthermore, the kind of influence on Britons as well as original settlers in Britain will also be duly presented. The history of the Asian community in Britain The history of Asian immigration to the Britain dates back in 1850’s. Different phases have been seen arrive the phases over the years, the first wave arriving in 1850 in the city of United Kingdom. The reason for the referral inform of phases is because of conformity with immigration laws that have Marjory controlled the immigration trends. The first and the second waves having arrived in 1850 an d 1882 respectively, laws were set regarding a stop of immigrants from Asia moving in to the United Kingdom. The 1970 again saw a restoration of the immigration laws that enabled other more waves moving into the United States, carrying heavy populations. The waves can be categorized into three basic groups. The first waves that were experienced in the period between 1850 and 1942, consisting mainly of Chinese and Japanese people. Most of them immigrated in search of labor due to the arising human needs. The second period occurred between 1943 and 1965, due to the evaluation and revis ion of the e migration laws in the Asian countries as well as those of immigration in the United Kingdom. The set laws were set in favor of immigrants, thus this period experiencing a vast number of people move from the Asian nations. The period from 1965 up to date is the most relevant, being the one in which rampant migrations take place.   Today, not only do the Asians migrate to the Britain, but also to other countries around the globe. The causal factors for migration have also become modified, and the laws have been regulated to ease movement for all kinds of people (Addison and Jones, 2007. The British citizens who have long emigrated from Asia from are a term that has been utilized to describe the Asians who are found living in Britain. The establishment of the East India Company is known to the beginning of southern Asian people immigration to Britain. This saw the movement of the Indian continent people to England. The independence attainment by Pakistan, India, as well as Sri-lanka was a rationale to the increased immigration and this was increased during the British Raj period. The history of the migration is also said to have emanated from economic and educational pursuits. The earliest settlements origin in Great Britain from Asia cannot be attributed, including the Romanis. The middle ages are the earliest estimated times which saw the Asians settle in the Briton land. The sinti are also inclusive of the earliest groups, originating from the regions of Pakistan and North India. The period 1000 saw the Asians begin to travel westwards, where they were mixed South west Asians and people from Europe. Sizeable numbers of Romanis started arriving at the Western Europe in the 16th century (Spencer, 1939). The 1660 saw the enactment of the Navigation act that restricted the employment realms for sailors from Non-English regions. Records of baptism in the East-Greenwich indicate that Malarban coast people origins were seeking better areas to establish their religion. The phases of migration that were in migration and settlement are grouped into four categories. The first phase saw the immigration of people who were in need of better employments that included the substandard jobs, including those of cooks as well as farming in small-scale farms. The recent years have been characterized by rampant migrations of the Asians into Britain and other area (Spencer, 1939). The migration and settlements of Asians to the Britain The emigration policies that had set in each of the Asian countries, and their relationship with the immigration policies at work in the Britain has been a long term factor that contributing to the Asian immigration into the British countries. The second rationale entails the linkage between Britain and the South Asian countries in relation to economical, political, social, as well as military linkages. A third migration cause is the aspect of globalization, in the fact that the world has been modified recently to appear like a small city where people can move to and fro. This has also made the movement process easy, making the movement of the Asians into the United Kingdom year-by-year (Spencer, 1939). Theories have long been put forward that provide broad literature concerning the immigration of the Asian people into the Britain as well as into other countries. The push and pull forces that are considered causal for migration are abundant, and contributing to the actions of the pull and push theory. The push action of the theory is manifested in the fact that major factors are considered to cause the Asians move out of their original homeland into an alien land. These factors include search for labor, spirit of adventure, in search for better business as well as conflicts occurrence in the emigration land. The pull action comes in when the target alien land has a ground for provision of the needed by the immigrants. The Asians consider the Britain to possess important soil, geographical and development addition to social and culturally ample features. These are push factors that make the Asians develop increased enthusiasm to travel abroad, constituting the push and pull theory (V isram, 2002). Migration is a major contributor to population increase in Britain spheres. The earliest known Asian settlers in Britain were from the Bangladesh region, Pakistan as well as the Sri-Lankans. The recent years have seen the Chinese and Japanese continue to settle in Britain for agricultural, industrial as well as urban and technological reasons. Therefore, the change in the agricultural, industrial and urban sectors has experienced a boost as a result of increased migrations and settlement.   The rampant migrations have seen increased interactions in terms of language influence. The Asians have influenced the Britons with their language and at the same time, the Britons impacted their language on the immigrating Asians. Migration has also a causal factor for the adoption of new farming, industrial as well as technological skills (Kalra and Sayyid, 2008). Statistics of the population of South Asians in Britain The southern Asians are the earliest people known to have settled in Britain, since the year 1850. The distinct types of the south Asians in the Britain region include those that came from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri-lanka. The Chinese and the Japanese people are also present in Britain in large numbers. The current statistics indicate the Asians to consist of 15% of people from Pakistan, Bangladesh as well Sri-lanka. The Indians from southern Britain are also the largest part of the Asians in the British continents (35%). The trends of movement in the phases have shown a great increment according to the recent research. The recent years have seen many people from the four corners of the world desire to get their way into the Britain. The earlier waves are known to have trends that were rising in terms of the immigration population as well as movement and settlement reasons. Philosophical thinkers have tried to come up with explanations governing the recent immigrations into Britain. Most of the causal factors are because of political, social, as well as economic interests. Many scholars believe that the Britain has the best education system, therefore desiring to become part of the same. The economists have credited the country with excellent economic systems as well as financial management ones, thus making most people want an association with the powerful country. The Academicians have contributed to the recent developed immigration trends in Britain in their urge to compare the academic curriculum with other systems since the Britain systems are considered the best around the globe (Kalra and Sayyid, 2008). Influence on Britain by the presence of Asian community The style of life of the Britons has been greatly influenced by the immigration and settlement of the Asian community in the land. The culture of the Britons was ideally eroded as a result of rampant interactions with the Asians. The language was also ideally influenced by the mix of cultures where each culture had to learn the language of the other. A strong adaptation skill to the region was a demand for all people found in the British continent. The Asians are known to have a passion for music, arts and performances, theatre activities, factor which has long led to the establishment of experience economy centers. The establishment of the events industries including the tourism industry is a result of the increased interaction between distinct communities. The Britons were taught how to adopt the agricultural practices, which have long caused the increases experienced in the economic fields. The history and the present day immigration to the Britain has become an issue of concern i n the recent years. The U.S is one of the countries where population rise has also been an issue in the research reams. This is attributed to the in movement of people from other continents, predominantly the Asians, and specifically the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese were the original immigrants in the 1850’s. Following the enactment of distinct laws governing immigration by the different ruling regimes in the Britain, four waves have been seen come into the Britain, the first beginning in the 1850. The second was in operation in the 1943 up to 1965. The third was found to operate in the 1965 and up to 1980, while the last rate from 1980s to the present day, constitutes the current immigration trends (Brown, 2007). Immigration emanates from the desire to boost the economic, social, as well as political status of a nation. It is also geared towards the achievement of better cultural conditions of the immigrants, for instance immigrant women in the Britain due to the alienation of culture, thus they are able to acquire life with freedom. Scholars are migrating to enhance their knowledge as academicians search for better curriculum. Industries like Japan and China move in search for industrial location and business contraction sites, as the traders seek ample trade partners across the globe. More over, the enactment of immigration laws in countries like the UK has made it possible for many immigrants to emerge. The impacts of immigrations include global technological advancements, urbanization, and industrial developments, in addition to the conflicts and culture linkages and alienations as in the current world. However, the Asians have left a mark in their rampant immigration trends to Britain (B rown, 2007). The rationale of the presence of the Asian community in Britain The presence of the Asians in Britain has had major positive and negative effects on the Britons, the immigrants as well as the entire country’s realms. The Asians are long known to possess a heart for development and making great industrial discoveries. Thus, the recent industrial advancements are known to have taken place partly because of the presence of the immigrants. The increment in the agrarian revolution and the agrarian shifts that have long taken place in Britain are attributed to the presence of the Asians in the region. Britain is today identified as one of the multicultural countries in the world due to continued presence of the Asians in Britain. Thus, alienation of cultures occurred to great extents such that mostly the existence of mixed cultures is prominent. The recent technological advancements have had their way due to the increased occupation of the Asians in Britain. The experience economy sector has been ideally improved due to the influence of Britain by the immigrant Asians. There has been development of arts, tourism, as well as the events industry (Brown, 2007). The recent industrialization trends have made it possible for the formation of linkages between the Asian and American continents, facilitating the movement of people from one corner to the other in search for better industrial linkages. These have made the Japanese and the Chinese people become rampant in the Unites states industrial realms, owing to the fact that they are industrial-minded people. These have moved and settled in the United Kingdom fostering for the best development patterns. The recent academic trends have also enabled the immigration of people from the Asian to the American continent. Thus, the recent immigration trends are composure of all kinds of people, and the population of the Britain has solely increased (Brown, 2007). Conclusion The history of Britain is marked by a continued presence and increasing trends of Asian occupation. The history of the Asian community in Britain portrays a long-term presence and increasing migrations, an area that has caused great concern among the researchers, academicians, as well as scholars. The recent statistics indicate the presence of large numbers of Asians in Britain, up to almost 50%. The presence of Asians has ideally influenced the political, social and economic life of the Britons and other cultures though has a very great economic rationale. More research should be conducted to reveal correct statistical figures of Asian community in Britain. Reference List Addison, P. and Jones, H., 2007. A companion to contemporary Britain, 1939-2000. MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Brown, J., 2007. Global South Asians: introducing the modern Diaspora. NY: Cambridge University Press. Kalra, N. and Sayyid, V., 2008. A Postcolonial People: South Asians in Britain. Columbia University Press. Spencer, I., 1939. British immigration policy since 1939:   the making of multi-racial Britain. NY: Routledge. Visram, R., 2002. Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History, Pluto Press. (Online). Available from fathom.com/course/21701766/index.html (Accessed April 15, 2011)

Excited State Definition in Chemistry

Excited State Definition in Chemistry The excited state describes an atom, ion or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state. The length of time a particle spends in the excited state before falling to a lower energy state varies. Short duration excitation usually results in release of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon or phonon. The return to a lower energy state is called decay. Fluorescence is a fast decay process, while phosphorescence occurs over a much longer time frame. Decay is the inverse process of excitation. An excited state that lasts a long time is called a metastable state. Examples of metastable states are single oxygen and nuclear isomers. Sometimes the transition to an excited state enables an atom to participate in a chemical reaction. This is the basis for the field of photochemistry. Non-Electron Excited States Although excited states in chemistry and physics almost always refer to the behavior of electrons, other types of particles also experience energy level transitions. For example, the particles in the atomic nucleus may be excited from the ground state, forming nuclear isomers.

Identify and describe the principles of Edwin Sutherland Differential Research Paper

Identify and describe the principles of Edwin Sutherland Differential Association Theory . Select and exaple and apply the Theory - Research Paper Example Legislators could use these theories for introducing legal rules that will prohibit people from crime. An indicative example is the theory of Differential Association of Edwin Sutherland. This theory is based on a series of principles, which are analytically described below referring to studies published in the academic literature. Sutherland first introduced the Differential Association Theory in 1924. The above theorist has been strongly influenced by the sociological theories of that time. He was mostly influenced by the views of Thomas and his theory of ‘the definition of the situation’. The above concept has been the theoretical basis on which the work of Sutherland was based. Sutherland developed his ‘generic theory of crime, the differential association theory, based on specific explanations of ‘law’ and ‘crime’’ (DeLisi et al. 216). This has been the main point at which the theory of crime of Sutherland – or else the differential association theory – has been differentiated from the work of other theorists in the specific field. A key characteristic of the theory of Sutherland is that it is not a concept that can be used periodically, independently from the life conditions, for the explanation of criminal behavior. It is rather involved in the course of life (DeLisi et al. 217). Another important element of the specific theory is its extensive reference to terms, like ‘attitudes and self-concepts’ (DeLisi et al. 217). In accordance with the theory of Sutherland, the criminal behavior cannot be characterized as a personal characteristic, i.e. it is not a type of behaviour inherited. Instead, it is learned, through the social interaction. In other words, the theory of Sutherland emphasizes on the importance of the social environment for the potential development of criminal behavior (DeLisi et al. 217). However, through this point of view, it can be assumed